In India, a person being a prisoner, cannot be seized of all his rights by the authority, even though he is convicted as he is having fundamental rights guaranteed by the Article 21 of the Constitution and protected by the Supreme Court and High Courts. In this background, the rights of the prisoners gained importance and have become the study of this research work. This paper explains about existing Constitutional and Legal framework in India to safeguard the prisoner’s rights and also elucidates the various executive and judicial guidelines issued from time to time concerning the needs and care of prisoners. This paper examines the role of the apex court for the protection of prisoner’s rights and their basic fundamental rights remain enforceable. This paper examines available instruments and compares them with the laws prevailing in India for providing protections to maintain their human rights and legal rights.