The digital transformation of healthcare services has accelerated the transition from conventional paper-based medical records to Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) across Indonesia. This transition is legally mandated under Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2022 concerning Medical Records, which requires healthcare facilities to implement Electronic Medical Records progressively. One of the essential components of EMR implementation is the use of electronic signatures, serving as a mechanism to authenticate healthcare professionals, verify electronic documents, and maintain data integrity. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of electronic signatures in Indonesian hospitals remains inconsistent due to organizational, technological, and regulatory challenges.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of electronic signatures in Electronic Medical Records at Baptist Hospital Batu based on Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2022. An empirical legal research method employing a socio-legal approach was adopted. Primary data were collected through field observations, interviews, and questionnaires distributed to healthcare professionals, while secondary data were obtained from statutory regulations, legal literature, and scholarly publications. Qualitative analysis was conducted using George C. Edwards III's Policy Implementation Theory, which emphasizes four interrelated implementation variables: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure.

The findings demonstrate that electronic signatures have been implemented at Baptist Hospital Batu, however, their application remains partial and inconsistent across hospital units. The disposition variable represents the strongest facilitating factor because hospital management and healthcare professionals generally support digital transformation initiatives. Conversely, communication, resources, and bureaucratic structure continue to present substantial barriers due to uneven dissemination of regulations, insufficient understanding of standard operating procedures, limited information technology infrastructure, the simultaneous use of multiple signature methods, fragmented interdepartmental coordination, and the absence of certified electronic signatures issued by an officially recognized Electronic Certification Authority.

The study concludes that successful implementation of electronic signatures requires integrated improvements across all four implementation variables through continuous policy dissemination, comprehensive staff training, standardized operating procedures, infrastructure enhancement, integration with certified electronic signature providers, and strengthened institutional coordination. These improvements are essential to ensuring legal certainty, information security, authenticity, and accountability within Indonesia's Electronic Medical Record system.