Waste management in Indonesia remains predominantly governed by an administrative and public service: oriented legal framework, resulting in the absence of a clear causal relationship between waste-generating activities and legal responsibility for environmental pollution. Law Number 18 of 2008 on Waste Management positions the state and local governments as the primary actors responsible for waste management, while limiting the obligations of waste generators (both individuals and business entities) to administrative compliance and flat-rate service charges. This legal construction shifts the burden of pollution costs into collective public financing and fails to account for the volume, type, and environmental impact of waste generated by different actors.