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VOL. 12, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Beyond the Geneva conventions: AI and accountability in modern warfare
Authors
Bhavyaa Hardik Mehta
Abstract
The growing use of Artificial Intelligence in modern warfare creates
new dimensions in military operations. There are multiple benefits to using
artificial intelligence in the military, including more effective surveillance,
reconnaissance, and improved target identification. However, weapons systems
using AI pose a risk to international law and humanitarian principles. A
fundamental challenge is raised by the lack of clarity in terms of
responsibility in case of an unlawful use of force by autonomous weapons
systems. International Humanitarian Law, including the Geneva Conventions and
Additional Protocols remains the relevant body of law when it comes to war and
conflict, but its applicability is questioned regarding advanced technologies.
This article will explore the question of responsibility and accountability of
states for autonomous actions committed by military machines. It will also
assess the applicability of command responsibility, as well as the potential
shortcomings of international humanitarian law in the face of increasingly
complex military technology. This article argues that despite the continued
applicability of International Humanitarian Law, accountability rules need to
be established that would bring clarity and responsibility to autonomous
weapons in order to avoid civilian casualties and ensure humanity in warfare.
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Pages:299-301
How to cite this article:
Bhavyaa Hardik Mehta "Beyond the Geneva conventions: AI and accountability in modern warfare<i></i>". International Journal of Law, Vol 12, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 299-301
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